Overview
Berberine is a bitter-tasting and yellow-colored chemical. It might help strengthen the heartbeat, which could benefit people with certain heart conditions. It might also kill bacteria, help regulate how the body uses sugar in the blood, and help reduce swelling.
People most commonly use berberine for diabetes, high levels of cholesterol or other fats in the blood, and high blood pressure. It is also used for burns, canker sores, liver disease, and many other conditions but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these uses.
Uses & Effectiveness ?
Possibly Effective for
- Canker sores. Applying a gel containing berberine can reduce pain, redness, oozing, and the size of canker sores.
- Diabetes. Taking berberine by mouth seems to slightly reduce blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.
- High levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in the blood (hyperlipidemia). Taking berberine by mouth, alone or with other ingredients, might help lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad") cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in people with high cholesterol.
- High blood pressure. Taking 0.9 grams of berberine by mouth daily along with the blood pressure-lowering drug amlodipine reduces blood pressure better than taking amlodipine alone in people with high blood pressure.
- A hormonal disorder that causes enlarged ovaries with cysts (polycystic ovary syndrome or PCOS). Taking berberine by mouth might lower blood sugar, improve cholesterol and triglyceride levels, reduce testosterone levels, and lower waist-to-hip ratio in people with PCOS.
Side Effects
When applied to the skin: Berberine is possibly safe for most adults when used short-term.
Special Precautions and Warnings
Breast-feeding: It's likely unsafe to take berberine if you are breast-feeding. Berberine can be transferred to the infant through breast milk, and it might cause harm.
Children: It's likely unsafe to give berberine to newborns. It can cause kernicterus, a rare type of brain damage that can occur in newborns who have severe jaundice. There isn't enough reliable information to know if berberine is safe in older children.
High bilirubin levels in the blood in infants: Bilirubin is a chemical that is produced when old red blood cells break down. It is normally removed by the liver. Berberine may keep the liver from removing bilirubin fast enough. This can cause brain problems, especially in infants with high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Avoid using.
Interactions ?
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) interacts with BERBERINE
Berberine might decrease how quickly the body breaks down cyclosporine. This might increase the effects and side effects of cyclosporine.
Major Interaction
Do not take this combination
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates) interacts with BERBERINE
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Berberine might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
Medications that slow blood clotting (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet drugs) interacts with BERBERINE
Berberine might slow blood clotting. Taking berberine along with medications that also slow blood clotting might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
Medications for diabetes (Antidiabetes drugs) interacts with BERBERINE
Berberine might lower blood sugar levels. Taking berberine along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to drop too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely.
Medications for high blood pressure (Antihypertensive drugs) interacts with BERBERINE
Berberine might lower blood pressure. Taking berberine along with medications that lower blood pressure might cause blood pressure to go too low. Monitor your blood pressure closely.
Sedative medications (CNS depressants) interacts with BERBERINE
Berberine might cause sleepiness and slowed breathing. Some medications, called sedatives, can also cause sleepiness and slowed breathing. Taking berberine with sedative medications might cause breathing problems and/or too much sleepiness.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) substrates) interacts with BERBERINE
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Berberine might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
Medications changed by the liver (Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) substrates) interacts with BERBERINE
Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Berberine might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM, others) interacts with BERBERINE
Berberine might decrease how quickly the body breaks down dextromethorphan. This might increase the effects and side effects of dextromethorphan.
Losartan (Cozaar) interacts with BERBERINE
The liver activates losartan to make it work. Berberine might decrease how quickly the body activates it, which might decrease the effects of losartan.
Midazolam (Versed) interacts with BERBERINE
The body breaks down midazolam to get rid of it. Berberine can decrease how quickly the body breaks it down. This might increase the effects and side effects of midazolam.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal) interacts with BERBERINE
Pentobarbital is a medication that can cause sleepiness. Berberine might also cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Taking berberine with pentobarbital might cause too much sleepiness.
Tacrolimus (Prograf) interacts with BERBERINE
Tacrolimus is removed from the body by the liver. Berberine might slow down the body's ability to remove tacrolimus. This might increase the effects and side effects of tacrolimus.
Metformin (Glucophage) interacts with BERBERINE
Berberine might increase the amount of metformin in the body. This may increase its effects and side effects. This interaction seems to occur when berberine is taken around 2 hours before metformin. Taking berberine and metformin at the same time doesn't appear to increase the amount of metformin in the body.
Moderate Interaction
Be cautious with this combination
Dosing
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Marazzi G, Campolongo G, Pelliccia F, Quattrino S, Vitale C, Cacciotti L, et al. Comparison of low-dose statin versus low-dose statin + Armolipid plus in high-intensity statin-intolerant patients with a previous coronary event and percutaneous coronary intervention (ADHERENCE trial). Am J Cardiol. 2017 Sep 15;120(6):893-897. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.06.015. View abstract.
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Ruscica M, Gomaraschi M, Mombelli G, Macchi C, Bosisio R, Pazzucconi F, Pavanello C, Calabresi L, Arnoldi A, Sirtori CR, Magni P. Nutraceutical approach to moderate cardiometabolic risk: results of a randomized, double-blind and crossover study with Armolipid Plus. J Clin Lipidol. 2014;8(1):61-8. View abstract.
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Sheng WD, Jiddawi MS, Hong XQ, Abdulla SM. Treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria using pyrimethamine in combination with berberine, tetracycline, or cotrimoxazole. East Afr Med J 1997;74:283-4. View abstract.
Sun D, Abraham SN, Beachey EH. Influence of berberine sulfate on synthesis and expression of Pap fimbrial adhesin in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988;32:1274-7. View abstract.
Sun D, Courtney HS, Beachey EH. Berberine sulfate blocks adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to epithelial cells, fibronectin, and hexadecane. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988;32:1370-4. View abstract.
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Wen C, Wu L, Fu L, Zhang X, Zhou H. Berberine enhances the anti tumor activity of tamoxifen in drug sensitive MCF 7 and drug resistant MCF 7/TAM cells. Mol Med Rep. 2016;14(3):2250-6. View abstract.
Wu X, Li Q, Xin H, Yu A, Zhong M. Effects of berberine on the blood concentration of cyclosporin A in renal transplanted recipients: clinical and pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;61:567-72. View abstract.
Wu XK, Wang YY, Liu JP, Liang RN, Xue HY, Ma HX, et al. Randomized controlled trial of letrozole, berberine, or a combination for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2016;106(3):757-765.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.05.022. View abstract.
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Yan HM, Xia MF, Wang Y, Chang XX, Yao XZ, Rao SX, et al. Efficacy of berberine in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 7;10(8):e0134172. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134172. View abstract.
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Zhang D, Ke L, Ni Z, Chen Y, Zhang LH, Zhu SH, et al. Berberine containing quadruple therapy for initial Helicobacter pylori eradication: An open-label randomized phase IV trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(32):e7697. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007697. View abstract.
Zhang LS, Zhang JH, Feng R, et al. Efficacy and safety of berberine alone or combined with statins for the treatment of hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Chin Med 2019;47(4):751-67. View abstract.
Zhang Y, Li X, Zou D, et al. Treatment of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia with the natural plant alkaloid berberine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:2559-65. View abstract.
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