CALCIUM - Uses, Side Effects, and More

Hilary, Green J., Richards, J. K., and Bunning, R. L. Blood pressure responses to high-calcium skim milk and potassium-enriched high-calcium skim milk. J Hypertens 2000;18(9):1331-1339. View abstract.

Hirota, T., Nara, M., Ohguri, M., Manago, E., and Hirota, K. Effect of diet and lifestyle on bone mass in Asian young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55(6):1168-1173. View abstract.

Hizmetli, S., Elden, H., Kaptanoglu, E., Nacitarhan, V., and Kocagil, S. The effect of different doses of calcitonin on bone mineral density and fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Int J Clin Pract. 1998;52(7):453-455. View abstract.

Ho, S. C., Guldan, G. S., Woo, J., Yu, R., Tse, M. M., Sham, A., and Cheng, J. A prospective study of the effects of 1-year calcium-fortified soy milk supplementation on dietary calcium intake and bone health in Chinese adolescent girls aged 14 to 16. Osteoporos.Int 2005;16(12):1907-1916. View abstract.

Ho, S. C., Leung, P. C., Swaminathan, R., Chan, C., Chan, S. S., Fan, Y. K., and Lindsay, R. Determinants of bone mass in Chinese women aged 21-40 years. II. Pattern of dietary calcium intake and association with bone mineral density. Osteoporos.Int 1994;4(3):167-175. View abstract.

Hodson, E. M., Evans, R. A., Dunstan, C. R., Hills, E., Wong, S. Y., Rosenberg, A. R., and Roy, L. P. Treatment of childhood renal osteodystrophy with calcitriol or ergocalciferol. Clin Nephrol 1985;24(4):192-200. View abstract.

Hoffman, S. B., Powell-Cope, G., MacClellan, L., and Bero, K. BedSAFE. A bed safety project for frail older adults. J Gerontol Nurs. 2003;29(11):34-42. View abstract.

Hofmeyr, G. J., Lawrie, T. A., Atallah, A. N., and Duley, L. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2010;(8):CD001059. View abstract.

Hofstad, B., Almendingen, K., Vatn, M., Andersen, S. N., Owen, R. W., Larsen, S., and Osnes, M. Growth and recurrence of colorectal polyps: a double-blind 3-year intervention with calcium and antioxidants. Digestion 1998;59(2):148-156. View abstract.

Holbrook, T. L., Barrett-Connor, E., and Wingard, D. L. Dietary calcium and risk of hip fracture: 14-year prospective population study. Lancet 11-5-1988;2(8619):1046-1049. View abstract.

Honkanen, R., Alhava, E., Parviainen, M., Talasniemi, S., and Monkkonen, R. The necessity and safety of calcium and vitamin D in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990;38(8):862-866. View abstract.

Hoogendijk, W. J., Lips, P., Dik, M. G., Deeg, D. J., Beekman, A. T., and Penninx, B. W. Depression is associated with decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased parathyroid hormone levels in older adults. Arch Gen.Psychiatry 2008;65(5):508-512. View abstract.

Horowitz, M., Wishart, J. M., Goh, D., Morris, H. A., Need, A. G., and Nordin, B. E. Oral calcium suppresses biochemical markers of bone resorption in normal men. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;60(6):965-968. View abstract.

Horsman, A., Gallagher, J. C., Simpson, M., and Nordin, B. E. Prospective trial of oestrogen and calcium in postmenopausal women. Br.Med.J 9-24-1977;2(6090):789-792. View abstract.

Hsing, A. W., McLaughlin, J. K., Chow, W. H., Schuman, L. M., Co Chien, H. T., Gridley, G., Bjelke, E., Wacholder, S., and Blot, W. J. Risk factors for colorectal cancer in a prospective study among U.S. white men. Int J Cancer 8-12-1998;77(4):549-553. View abstract.

Hu, J. F., Zhao, X. H., Jia, J. B., Parpia, B., and Campbell, T. C. Dietary calcium and bone density among middle-aged and elderly women in China. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58(2):219-227. View abstract.

Huncharek, M., Muscat, J., and Kupelnick, B. Colorectal cancer risk and dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy products: a meta-analysis of 26,335 cases from 60 observational studies. Nutr Cancer 2009;61(1):47-69. View abstract.

Huncharek, M., Muscat, J., and Kupelnick, B. Impact of dairy products and dietary calcium on bone-mineral content in children: results of a meta-analysis. Bone 2008;43(2):312-321. View abstract.

Hunt, J. R., Johnson, L. K., and Fariba Roughead, Z. K. Dietary protein and calcium interact to influence calcium retention: a controlled feeding study. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89(5):1357-1365. View abstract.

Hurxthal, L. M. and Vose, G. P. The relationship of dietary calcium intake to radiographic bone density in normal and osteoporotic persons. Calcif Tissue Res 1969;4(3):245-256. View abstract.

Hutchison, A. J., Maes, B., Vanwalleghem, J., Asmus, G., Mohamed, E., Schmieder, R., Backs, W., Jamar, R., and Vosskuhler, A. Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of lanthanum carbonate in hyperphosphatemia: a 6-month, randomized, comparative trial versus calcium carbonate. Nephron Clin Pract. 2005;100(1):c8-19. View abstract.

Inkovaara, J., Gothoni, G., Halttula, R., Heikinheimo, R., and Tokola, O. Calcium, vitamin D and anabolic steroid in treatment of aged bones: double-blind placebo-controlled long-term clinical trial. Age Ageing 1983;12(2):124-130. View abstract.

Ioannidis, J. and Lau, J. Evolution of treatment effects over time: empirical insight from recursive cumulative metaanalyses. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 1-30-2001;98(3):831-836. View abstract.

Iscovich, J. M., L'Abbe, K. A., Castelleto, R., Calzona, A., Bernedo, A., Chopita, N. A., Jmelnitzsky, A. C., and Kaldor, J. Colon cancer in Argentina. I: Risk from intake of dietary items. Int J Cancer 7-30-1992;51(6):851-857. View abstract.

Ishida, Y. and Kawai, S. Comparative efficacy of hormone replacement therapy, etidronate, calcitonin, alfacalcidol, and vitamin K in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: The Yamaguchi Osteoporosis Prevention Study. Am.J.Med. 10-15-2004;117(8):549-555. View abstract.

Ito, M., Koyama, H., Ohshige, A., Maeda, T., Yoshimura, T., and Okamura, H. Prevention of preeclampsia with calcium supplementation and vitamin D3 in an antenatal protocol. Int.J Gynaecol Obstet 1994;47(2):115-120. View abstract.

Itoh, R. and Suyama, Y. Sodium excretion in relation to calcium and hydroxyproline excretion in a healthy Japanese population. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63(5):735-740. View abstract.

Iuliano-Burns, S., Saxon, L., Naughton, G., Gibbons, K., and Bass, S. L. Regional specificity of exercise and calcium during skeletal growth in girls: a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18(1):156-162. View abstract.

Iwamoto, J., Takeda, T., and Sato, Y. Prevention and treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Yonsei Med.J 8-31-2005;46(4):456-463. View abstract.

Izaks, G. J. Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: considering the inconsistent results. BMC.Musculoskelet.Disord. 2007;8:26. View abstract.

Jacobsen, R., Lorenzen, J. K., Toubro, S., Krog-Mikkelsen, I., and Astrup, A. Effect of short-term high dietary calcium intake on 24-h energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and fecal fat excretion. Int.J Obes.(Lond.) 2005;29(3):292-301. View abstract.

Jaglal, S. B., Kreiger, N., and Darlington, G. Past and recent physical activity and risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol. 7-15-1993;138(2):107-118. View abstract.

Jamal, S. A., Fitchett, D., Lok, C. E., Mendelssohn, D. C., and Tsuyuki, R. T. The effects of calcium-based versus non-calcium-based phosphate binders on mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial.Transplant. 2009;24(10):3168-3174. View abstract.

Janssen, H. C., Samson, M. M., and Verhaar, H. J. Muscle strength and mobility in vitamin D-insufficient female geriatric patients: a randomized controlled trial on vitamin D and calcium supplementation. Aging Clin Exp.Res 2010;22(1):78-84. View abstract.

Jantti, P. O., Aho, H. J., Maki-Jokela, P. L., and Heikinheimo, R. J. Hip protectors and hip fractures. Age Ageing 1998;27(6):758-759. View abstract.

Jeffery, J. R., Leslie, W. D., Karpinski, M. E., Nickerson, P. W., and Rush, D. N. Prevalence and treatment of decreased bone density in renal transplant recipients: a randomized prospective trial of calcitriol versus alendronate. Transplantation 11-27-2003;76(10):1498-1502. View abstract.

Jenkins, E. A., Walker-Bone, K. E., Wood, A., McCrae, F. C., Cooper, C., and Cawley, M. I. The prevention of corticosteroid-induced bone loss with intermittent cyclical etidronate. Scand.J Rheumatol. 1999;28(3):152-156. View abstract.

Jensen, G. F., Christiansen, C., and Transbol, I. Treatment of post menopausal osteoporosis. A controlled therapeutic trial comparing oestrogen/gestagen, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 and calcium. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1982;16(5):515-524. View abstract.

Jensen, G. F., Meinecke, B., Boesen, J., and Transbol, I. Does 1,25(OH)2D3 accelerate spinal bone loss? A controlled therapeutic trial in 70-year-old women. Clin Orthop.Relat Res 1985;(192):215-221. View abstract.

Jensen, J., Lundin-Olsson, L., Nyberg, L., and Gustafson, Y. Fall and injury prevention in older people living in residential care facilities. A cluster randomized trial. Ann.Intern.Med. 5-21-2002;136(10):733-741. View abstract.

Jensen, J., Nyberg, L., Gustafson, Y., and Lundin-Olsson, L. Fall and injury prevention in residential care--effects in residents with higher and lower levels of cognition. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(5):627-635. View abstract.

Jensen, L. B., Kollerup, G., Quaade, F., and Sorensen, O. H. Bone minerals changes in obese women during a moderate weight loss with and without calcium supplementation. J Bone.Miner Res 2001;16(1):141-147. View abstract.

Jespersen, B., Brock, A., and Pedersen, E. B. Lack of effect of calcium carbonate supplementation on 24h blood pressure, angiotensin II reactivity and PTH(1-84) in essential hypertension. J Hum.Hypertens 1993;7(1):103-104. View abstract.

Johnell, O. and Nilsson, B. E. Life-style and bone mineral mass in perimenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1984;36(4):354-356. View abstract.

Johnson, N. E., Smith, E. L., and Freudenheim, J. L. Effects on blood pressure of calcium supplementation of women. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;42(1):12-17. View abstract.

Johnston, C. C., Jr., Miller, J. Z., Slemenda, C. W., Reister, T. K., Hui, S., Christian, J. C., and Peacock, M. Calcium supplementation and increases in bone mineral density in children. N.Engl.J Med. 7-9-1992;327(2):82-87. View abstract.

Jones, B. J. and Twomey, P. J. Requesting patterns for serum calcium concentration in patients on long-term lithium therapy. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(1):170-172. View abstract.

Jones, C. L., Vieth, R., Spino, M., Ledermann, S., Kooh, S. W., Balfe, J., and Balfe, J. W. Comparisons between oral and intraperitoneal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 therapy in children treated with peritoneal dialysis. Clin Nephrol 1994;42(1):44-49. View abstract.

Jorde, R., Sneve, M., Figenschau, Y., Svartberg, J., and Waterloo, K. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms of depression in overweight and obese subjects: randomized double blind trial. J Intern.Med. 2008;264(6):599-609. View abstract.

Jorde, R., Waterloo, K., Saleh, F., Haug, E., and Svartberg, J. Neuropsychological function in relation to serum parathyroid hormone and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. The Tromso study. J Neurol. 2006;253(4):464-470. View abstract.

Judd, S. E., Nanes, M. S., Ziegler, T. R., Wilson, P. W., and Tangpricha, V. Optimal vitamin D status attenuates the age-associated increase in systolic blood pressure in white Americans: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(1):136-141. View abstract.

Kalkwarf, H. J., Specker, B. L., Heubi, J. E., Vieira, N. E., and Yergey, A. L. Intestinal calcium absorption of women during lactation and after weaning. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63(4):526-531. View abstract.

Kalyani, R. R., Stein, B., Valiyil, R., Manno, R., Maynard, J. W., and Crews, D. C. Vitamin D treatment for the prevention of falls in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010;58(7):1299-1310. View abstract.

Kampman, E., Giovannucci, E., van, 't, V, Rimm, E., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Kok, F. J., and Willett, W. C. Calcium, vitamin D, dairy foods, and the occurrence of colorectal adenomas among men and women in two prospective studies. Am J Epidemiol. 1-1-1994;139(1):16-29. View abstract.

Kampman, E., Goldbohm, R. A., van den Brandt, P. A., and van, 't, V. Fermented dairy products, calcium, and colorectal cancer in The Netherlands Cohort Study. Cancer Res 6-15-1994;54(12):3186-3190. View abstract.

Kampman, E., van, 't, V, Hiddink, G. J., van Aken-Schneijder, P., Kok, F. J., and Hermus, R. J. Fermented dairy products, dietary calcium and colon cancer: a case-control study in The Netherlands. Int J Cancer 10-15-1994;59(2):170-176. View abstract.

Kanders, B., Dempster, D. W., and Lindsay, R. Interaction of calcium nutrition and physical activity on bone mass in young women. J Bone Miner Res 1988;3(2):145-149. View abstract.

Kanis, J. A., Johansson, H., Oden, A., De, Laet C., Johnell, O., Eisman, J. A., Mc, Closkey E., Mellstrom, D., Pols, H., Reeve, J., Silman, A., and Tenenhouse, A. A meta-analysis of milk intake and fracture risk: low utility for case finding. Osteoporos.Int 2005;16(7):799-804. View abstract.

Kanis, J. A., Johnell, O., Gullberg, B., Allander, E., Dilsen, G., Gennari, C., Lopes Vaz, A. A., Lyritis, G. P., Mazzuoli, G., Miravet, L., and . Evidence for efficacy of drugs affecting bone metabolism in preventing hip fracture. BMJ 11-7-1992;305(6862):1124-1128. View abstract.

Kannus, P., Parkkari, J., Niemi, S., Pasanen, M., Palvanen, M., Jarvinen, M., and Vuori, I. Prevention of hip fracture in elderly people with use of a hip protector. N.Engl.J Med. 11-23-2000;343(21):1506-1513. View abstract.

Kapetanos, G., Symeonides, P. P., Dimitriou, C., Karakatsanis, K., and Potoupnis, M. A double blind study of intranasal calcitonin for established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Acta Orthop.Scand.Suppl 1997;275:108-111. View abstract.

Kato, I., Akhmedkhanov, A., Koenig, K., Toniolo, P. G., Shore, R. E., and Riboli, E. Prospective study of diet and female colorectal cancer: the New York University Women's Health Study. Nutr Cancer 1997;28(3):276-281. View abstract.

Kearney, J., Giovannucci, E., Rimm, E. B., Ascherio, A., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Wing, A., Kampman, E., and Willett, W. C. Calcium, vitamin D, and dairy foods and the occurrence of colon cancer in men. Am J Epidemiol. 5-1-1996;143(9):907-917. View abstract.

Kelley, G. A. Exercise and regional bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a meta-analytic review of randomized trials. Am J Phys.Med.Rehabil. 1998;77(1):76-87. View abstract.

Kelly, K. E., Phillips, C. L., Cain, K. C., Polissar, N. L., and Kelly, P. B. Evaluation of a nonintrusive monitor to reduce falls in nursing home patients. J Am Med.Dir.Assoc. 2002;3(6):377-382. View abstract.

Kelsey, J. L., Browner, W. S., Seeley, D. G., Nevitt, M. C., and Cummings, S. R. Risk factors for fractures of the distal forearm and proximal humerus. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Am J Epidemiol. 3-1-1992;135(5):477-489. View abstract.

Kerr, D., Ackland, T., Maslen, B., Morton, A., and Prince, R. Resistance training over 2 years increases bone mass in calcium-replete postmenopausal women. J Bone.Miner Res 2001;16(1):175-181. View abstract.

Kerse, N., Butler, M., Robinson, E., and Todd, M. Fall prevention in residential care: a cluster, randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52(4):524-531. View abstract.

Kerstetter, J. E., O'Brien, K. O., and Insogna, K. L. Dietary protein affects intestinal calcium absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68(4):859-865. View abstract.

Kesse, E., Boutron-Ruault, M. C., Norat, T., Riboli, E., and Clavel-Chapelon, F. Dietary calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and the risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer among French women of the E3N-EPIC prospective study. Int J Cancer 10-20-2005;117(1):137-144. View abstract.

Kesse-Guyot, E., Bertrais, S., Duperray, B., Arnault, N., Bar-Hen, A., Galan, P., and Hercberg, S. Dairy products, calcium and the risk of breast cancer: results of the French SU.VI.MAX prospective study. Ann.Nutr Metab 2007;51(2):139-145. View abstract.

Kilpack, V., Boehm, J., Smith, N., and Mudge, B. Using research-based interventions to decrease patient falls. Appl.Nurs.Res 1991;4(2):50-55. View abstract.

Kingusa E and Koshikawa S. Effects of PB-94 (sevelamer hydrochloride), a phosphate binder, on the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients-A randomized, open label, dose titration study of PB-94 versus Caltan tablet 500 (calcium carbonate). J Am Soc Nephrol 2001;12:755A.

Kinjo, Y., Beral, V., Akiba, S., Key, T., Mizuno, S., Appleby, P., Yamaguchi, N., Watanabe, S., and Doll, R. Possible protective effect of milk, meat and fish for cerebrovascular disease mortality in Japan. J Epidemiol. 1999;9(4):268-274. View abstract.

Klaus G, Hinderer J, Lingens B, and et al. Comparison of intermittent and continuous (daily) oral calcitriol for treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism in children on dialysis [abstract]. Pediatric Nephrology 1995;9(6):C75.

Knight, K. B. and Keith, R. E. Calcium supplementation on normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55(4):891-895. View abstract.

Koc, M., Tuglular, S., Arikan, H., Ozener, C., and Akoglu, E. Alendronate increases bone mineral density in long-term renal transplant recipients. Transplant.Proc. 2002;34(6):2111-2113. View abstract.

Koiwa, F., Onoda, N., Kato, H., Tokumoto, A., Okada, T., Fukagawa, M., and Shigematsu, T. Prospective randomized multicenter trial of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium carbonate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients in Japan. Ther Apher.Dial. 2005;9(4):340-346. View abstract.

Kojima, M., Wakai, K., Tamakoshi, K., Tokudome, S., Toyoshima, H., Watanabe, Y., Hayakawa, N., Suzuki, K., Hashimoto, S., Ito, Y., and Tamakoshi, A. Diet and colorectal cancer mortality: results from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Nutr Cancer 2004;50(1):23-32. View abstract.

Kollerup, G., Hermann, A. P., Brixen, K., Lindblad, B. E., Mosekilde, L., and Sorensen, O. H. Effects of salmon calcitonin suppositories on bone mass and turnover in established osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1994;54(1):12-15. View abstract.

Komulainen, M. H., Kroger, H., Tuppurainen, M. T., Heikkinen, A. M., Alhava, E., Honkanen, R., and Saarikoski, S. HRT and Vit D in prevention of non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women; a 5 year randomized trial. Maturitas 11-30-1998;31(1):45-54. View abstract.

Komulainen, M., Kroger, H., Tuppurainen, M. T., Heikkinen, A. M., Alhava, E., Honkanen, R., Jurvelin, J., and Saarikoski, S. Prevention of femoral and lumbar bone loss with hormone replacement therapy and vitamin D3 in early postmenopausal women: a population-based 5-year randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84(2):546-552. View abstract.

Kotaniemi, A., Piirainen, H., Paimela, L., Leirisalo-Repo, M., Uoti-Reilama, K., Lahdentausta, P., Ruotsalainen, P., Kataja, M., Vaisanen, E., and Kurki, P. Is continuous intranasal salmon calcitonin effective in treating axial bone loss in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving low dose glucocorticoid therapy? J Rheumatol. 1996;23(11):1875-1879. View abstract.

Krause, R., Buhring, M., Hopfenmuller, W., Holick, M. F., and Sharma, A. M. Ultraviolet B and blood pressure. Lancet 8-29-1998;352(9129):709-710. View abstract.

Kreiger, N., Gross, A., and Hunter, G. Dietary factors and fracture in postmenopausal women: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 1992;21(5):953-958. View abstract.

Krieg, M. A., Jacquet, A. F., Bremgartner, M., Cuttelod, S., Thiebaud, D., and Burckhardt, P. Effect of supplementation with vitamin D3 and calcium on quantitative ultrasound of bone in elderly institutionalized women: a longitudinal study. Osteoporos.Int 1999;9(6):483-488. View abstract.

Kukuljan, S., Nowson, C. A., Bass, S. L., Sanders, K., Nicholson, G. C., Seibel, M. J., Salmon, J., and Daly, R. M. Effects of a multi-component exercise program and calcium-vitamin-D3-fortified milk on bone mineral density in older men: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoporos.Int 2009;20(7):1241-1251. View abstract.

Kulier, R., de, Onis M., Gulmezoglu, A. M., and Villar, J. Nutritional interventions for the prevention of maternal morbidity. Int J Gynaecol.Obstet. 1998;63(3):231-246. View abstract.

Kumar, A., Devi, S. G., Batra, S., Singh, C., and Shukla, D. K. Calcium supplementation for the prevention of pre-eclampsia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009;104(1):32-36. View abstract.

Kune, S., Kune, G. A., and Watson, L. F. Case-control study of dietary etiological factors: the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study. Nutr Cancer 1987;9(1):21-42. View abstract.

Kung, A. W., Luk, K. D., Chu, L. W., and Chiu, P. K. Age-related osteoporosis in Chinese: an evaluation of the response of intestinal calcium absorption and calcitropic hormones to dietary calcium deprivation. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68(6):1291-1297. View abstract.

Kuroda, T., Shiraki, M., Tanaka, S., and Ohta, H. Contributions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, co-morbidities and bone mass to mortality in Japanese postmenopausal women. Bone 2009;44(1):168-172. View abstract.

Kynast-Gales, S. A. and Massey, L. K. Effects of dietary calcium from dairy products on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive men. J Am Diet Assoc. 1992;92(12):1497-1501. View abstract.

Lacey, J. M., Anderson, J. J., Fujita, T., Yoshimoto, Y., Fukase, M., Tsuchie, S., and Koch, G. G. Correlates of cortical bone mass among premenopausal and postmenopausal Japanese women. J Bone Miner Res 1991;6(7):651-659. View abstract.

LaCroix, A. Z., Kotchen, J., Anderson, G., Brzyski, R., Cauley, J. A., Cummings, S. R., Gass, M., Johnson, K. C., Ko, M., Larson, J., Manson, J. E., Stefanick, M. L., and Wactawski-Wende, J. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and mortality in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative calcium-vitamin D randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol.Sci.Med.Sci. 2009;64(5):559-567. View abstract.

Lakatos P, Kiss L, Horvath C, and et al. Glukokortikoidok okozla csontvestes merseklese alfacalcidollal (prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis with alphacalcidol). Lege Artis Medicinae 1996;6:624-9.

Lamke, B., Sjoberg, H. E., and Sylven, M. Bone mineral content in women with Colles' fracture: effect of calcium supplementation. Acta Orthop.Scand. 1978;49(2):143-146. View abstract.

Lanou, A. J., Berkow, S. E., and Barnard, N. D. Calcium, dairy products, and bone health in children and young adults: a reevaluation of the evidence. Pediatrics 2005;115(3):736-743. View abstract.

Lapre, J. A., De Vries, H. T., Termont, D. S., Kleibeuker, J. H., De Vries, E. G., and Van der Meer, R. Mechanism of the protective effect of supplemental dietary calcium on cytolytic activity of fecal water. Cancer Res 1-15-1993;53(2):248-253. View abstract.

Larsson, S. C., Bergkvist, L., and Wolk, A. Long-term dietary calcium intake and breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort of women. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89(1):277-282. View abstract.

Larsson, S. C., Bergkvist, L., Rutegard, J., Giovannucci, E., and Wolk, A. Calcium and dairy food intakes are inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in the Cohort of Swedish Men. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83(3):667-673. View abstract.

Lasaridis AN, Kaisis CN, Zananiri Kl, and et al. Oral calcium supplementation promotes renal sodium excretion in essential hypertension. Journal of Hypertension 1987;5:S307-309.

Latham, N. K., Anderson, C. S., Lee, A., Bennett, D. A., Moseley, A., and Cameron, I. D. A randomized, controlled trial of quadriceps resistance exercise and vitamin D in frail older people: the Frailty Interventions Trial in Elderly Subjects (FITNESS). J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(3):291-299. View abstract.

Lau, E. M. [Calcium and bone health in Asians]. Clin.Calcium. 2001;11(2):168-172. View abstract.

Lau, E. M., Lynn, H., Chan, Y. H., Lau, W., and Woo, J. Benefits of milk powder supplementation on bone accretion in Chinese children. Osteoporos.Int 2004;15(8):654-658. View abstract.

Lau, E. M., Woo, J., Leung, P. C., Swaminathan, R., and Leung, D. The effects of calcium supplementation and exercise on bone density in elderly Chinese women. Osteoporos.Int 1992;2(4):168-173. View abstract.

Lau, E., Donnan, S., Barker, D. J., and Cooper, C. Physical activity and calcium intake in fracture of the proximal femur in Hong Kong. BMJ 12-3-1988;297(6661):1441-1443. View abstract.

Lauritzen, J. B., Petersen, M. M., and Lund, B. Effect of external hip protectors on hip fractures. Lancet 1-2-1993;341(8836):11-13. View abstract.

Law, M., Withers, H., Morris, J., and Anderson, F. Vitamin D supplementation and the prevention of fractures and falls: results of a randomised trial in elderly people in residential accommodation. Age Ageing 2006;35(5):482-486. View abstract.

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